Rounding is not an operation, but a spectrum of operations Let's investigate: Sample values 0.45 0.55 0.5 -0.5 Round-half-up (symmetric) 0.5 0.6 1 -1 Round-half-up (asymmetric) 0.5 0.6 1 0 Round-half-down 0.4 0.5 0 ? Round-half-even 0.4 0.6 0 0(?) Round-half-odd 0.5 0.5 1 0? Round-ceiling 0.5 0.6 1 0 Round-floor 0.4 0.5 0 -1 Round-toward-zero 0.4 0.5 0 0 Round-away-from-zero 0.5 0.6 1 -1 Round-up depends; either round-ceiling or round-away-from-zero Round-down depends; either round-floor or round-towards-zero Truncation identical to round-toward-zero Round-toward-nearest? Round-alternate alternate between half-even and half-odd Round-random (stochastic) randomize 0.5 up/down <------(-0.15)--(-0.05)--0--0.05---0.15------->